Jurnal Teknik Mesin

Pengaruh Penambahan Filler Al2O3 dan TiO2 pada Resin Polyester terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik

Ahmad Hasnul Fajri — 2023-12-01

Polyester composites have been developed to have high strength and light density, but the fracture occurs due to very little plastic deformation or low strain values, pre-failure detection is difficult in these composites due to the rapid propagation of cracks in the composite system. To increase the strength and delay failure, the addition of filler in the form of Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ particles is carried out. The use of particles as fillers in polymer composite materials is increasingly being developed. In this study, Al₂O₃ and TiO₂particles (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% vol.) were added in polyester matrix BQIN EX 157. by casting method; the liquid homogeneous mixture was carefully poured into a simple mould to be air dried. The composites were cut to serve as specimens for density test, mechanical tests such as tensile and compressive tests. The results showed a density of 1.23 g/cm³, a maximum strength of 47 MPa for 2% additional Al₂O₃ filler, (tensile, decreasing ̴11%) and 120 MPa (compressive) for a maximum of 2% additional Al₂O₃ (compressive, decreasing ̴3%) with TiO₂ filler. The decrease in strength was caused by uneven particle dispersion, voids and agglomeration that occurred during the casting process.

Optimalisasi Temperatur Sintering Pada Sintered Body Hidroksiapatit Dengan Penambahan Silika Sebagai Material Penguat

Erdinal - Febri — 2023-12-01

Sintered body hydroxyapatite (HA) in the form of pellets has been made by adding silica as a reinforcing material (ratio 60:40 wt.%) by varying the sintering temperature. HA and silica were subjected to a dry mixing process for 2 h, then a wet mixing process was carried out for 2 h with the addition of PVA and alcohol as a binder. The mixing process uses a rotary drum with the addition of zirconia balls with the aim of making the mixture more homogeneous. After the mixing process, the samples were dried for 48 h to remove the alcohol contained. The green body was made using the uniaxial pressing method at a pressure of 100 MPa and held for 3 minutes. The sintering process is carried out variously at temperatures of 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C, 1300°C, and 1400°C. with a heating rate of 5ºC/minute and holding time of 4 h. Next, the temperature was lowered to 300ºC with a cooling rate of 5ºC/minute. The results showed that linear shrinkage increased significantly (weight shrinkage increased 12.83% - 25.08% and diameter shrinkage increased 3.26% - 23.21%). The results of the relative density calculation show that there is a significant increase with each variation in sintering temperature, where the increase occurs from 44.4% - 85.6%. The compressive strength value also shows an increase with increasing sintering temperature, namely from 21.2 MPa at 800 ^oC to 65.9 MPa at 1300 ^oC. Meanwhile, at a sintering temperature of 1400°C, compressive strength values decreased and oxidation occurred as evidenced by color changes. It can be concluded that the optimization of the sintering process occurs at a temperature of 1300 ^oC which is proven by the highest compressive strength value and no oxidation occurs.

Analisa Tegangan pada Desain Empat Mata Potong untuk Mesin Pencacah Plastik Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga

Hendra Hendra — 2023-12-01

Excessive use of plastic materials eventually causes problems related to the accumulation of plastic waste. One way to deal with plastic waste is to crush it into smaller pieces using a plastic chopper machine. The purpose of this research is to redesign the cutting blade of the crushing machine by varying the thickness of the cutting blade, the number of cutting blades of the crushing machine, and varying the cutting tooth material to get maximum stress and displacement [1-3]. From previous research it was shown that stress and deformation occurred at the number of 2 and three cutting chisel blades [1-2] and the tilt position of 4 cutting chisel blades [3]. In this research uses simulation the finite element method by a solid work design application. The thicknesses variations are 5 mm, 7 mm, and 10 mm and the number of cutting blades amounting four. The number of cutting blades used is four because of the simple design and able to carry out more cutting processes. The materials used are AISI 1045, HSS 18%, and JIS SKD 11. From the results is the recommended material thickness is 10 mm because it is able to accept less stress than 5 mm and 7 mm. The results in terms of the mechanical strength of the simulation state that all are safe to use. If it is based on mechanical strength, the recommended material is AISI 1045 coMPared to 18% HSS STEEL and JIS SKD 11. However, from economic factors, 18% HSS is a recommendation to be chosen as a cutting tooth material.

Media Pembangkit Gelombang Skala Laboratorium

Jamiatul Akmal — 2023-12-01

In the design of offshore building structures, calculations are required by looking at the factors that occur in the ocean. A big factor that occurs is the disturbance force of waves which can disrupt the strength of the building structure to be created. For this reason, this research makes a wave generating media device on a laboratory scale. With this tool, efforts are also made to resemble the original wave, where the deeper it is, the smaller the strength of the wave formed. This effort is an implementation of the wave forms that occur in the open sea. The results of the design of a wave generating media device measuring 3690x830x940 mm. From wave observations and calculations, it was found that the wavelength was 0.5m and the amplitude was 0.01m. It was concluded that the type of wave characteristic produced by this tool was categorized as an airy wave.

Destructive Test Material SA516 70N Untuk Kualifikasi Pengelasan Standar ASME BPVC Sec. IX-2021

Benny Haddli Irawan — 2023-12-01

This research contains about destructive test for WPS qualification (welding qualification record) in making pressure vessel. WPS can be declared qualified if they have PQR (procedure qualification record). In making PQR required testing destructive test the test is carried out by damaging the specimen based on ASME standards (american society of mechanical engineers) BPVC (boiler pressure vessel code) Sec. IX-2021 with SA516 70N material. Indestructive test for this welding qualification, there are 4 types of testing with the number of specimens to be tested, namely: testing tensile (2 specimens), testing bend (4 specimens), testing charpy iMPact (2 sets or 6 pcs specimen), and testing hardness vickers (1 specimen). Number of specimens tensile and bend specified in ASME BPVC Sec. IX-2021 on QW-451.1 and for the number of test specimens charpy iMPact has been specified in ASME BPVC Sec. VIII. 1-2021 on UG-84 as well as for total specimen hardness vickers specified in NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2:2023E table A.1. Results of testing tensile obtained a figure of 542 MPa (N/mm²) with a minimum requirement of 485 MPa (N/mm²), testing bend no open discontinuities found, for test results charpy iMPact the smallest is 47 joules with a minimum requirement of 20 joules for single hairy. And for testing hardness vickers highest value 217 HV on section weld cap with requirements weld root is 250 HV while the highest value is on the part weld cap is 275 HV. The results of this test indicate that the welding procedure complies with the requirements and conditions set out in ASME BPVC Sec. IX-2021 in testing destructive test.

Pembuatan Cetakan Pellet Elektroda Super Kapasitor Untuk Penyimpan Energi

yuli yetri — 2023-12-01

The design of a tool for printing supercapacitor electrodes has been completed. The basic material for the electrode is cocoa pod skin. The purpose of this research is to manufacture and assemble a laboratory-scale supercapacitor chip mold, which is used to facilitate the manufacture of the chip that functions as an electric current store. After the design process is complete, it is continued to manufacture supercapacitor chips using a press system. The actuator/pressurizer uses a hydraulic jack with a capacity of 50 tons, and a mold made of ST 37 and ST 60 steel. The mold is above the jack assisted by a steel frame as a pressure barrier. And a dial indicator as a marker to stop pressing by the jack. The process of making supercapacitor chip molds starts from cutting, drilling, turning, surface grinding, and welding. After the process of making components and assembling is complete, a trial of the tool is carried out to find out whether the tool works well. After a series of tests were carried out, it turned out that this pellet mold was able to print well without any cracks.

Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Tempering Terhadap Struktur Mikro Dan Struktur Kristal Pada Baja Karbon Sebagai Bahan Mandrill

Ikhrar Damai Tullah — 2023-12-01

This writing begins with a mandrill that cannot be modified in a company, so the author wants to know the crystal structure and microstructure of the steel, as well as explain the composition contained in the steel being tested. Tests were carried out by observing the crystal structure using an X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), observing the microstructure and material composition using Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The results show that the crystal structure and microstructure are strongly influenced by the quenching and tempering processes. The increase in crystal size occurred after the tempering process at 425° C from 34.33 nm to 52.31 nm. There was a decrease in dislocation density after tempering at 425° C from 0.00085 lines/mm2 to 0.00085 lines/mm2. Likewise, the micro strain after the tempering process at 425°C decreased from 0.25 (ε) to 0.19 (ε). The test material has several compositions such as iron (Fe), oxygen (O), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), chromium (Cr), calcium (Ca) and carbon (C). Microstructure testing showed a decrease in iron Fe atoms after the tempering process from 65.79% to 42.96%, a decrease in atoms also occurred in manganese from 0.51% to 0.34% after the tempering process. There was an increase in oxygen atoms after the tempering process from 33.31% to 54.23%, an increase in the atomic presentation also occurred in sodium (Na) from 0.33% to 2.46% after the tempering process

Isoterm Adsorpsi Arang Kulit Jengkol Sebagai Adsorben CO2

Muhammad Fadhil Rahman — 2023-12-01

The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas in the atmosphere continues to increase every year, mainly due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels for energy, industrial processes, and transportation. The development of CO₂ gas reduction research continues to be carried out, one of which is the adsorption process using adsorbents. The research was carried out by looking at the effect of variations in activating agent and activation temperature on adsorbents as CO₂ adsorbers and how N₂ and pore size distribution influence CO₂ adsorption. The active carbon adsorbent used comes from jengkol peel which is carbonized via the pyrolysis method. Adsorbents are made by varying the type of activating material (KOH, Urea, and KOH+urea) and activation temperature (600℃, 700℃, and 800℃). The active ingredient KOH+urea has better absorption capacity than other variations, but not too high. N₂ gas does not really affect the CO₂ adsorption process because it has a low N₂ adsorption isotherm, so it is not worrying if the CO₂ adsorption process also contains N₂ in the air. Based on measurements with Belsorp-Max II, the data obtained is only specific surface area data, this is due to the small surface pores of the adsorbent. The temperature of 800℃ has a better specific surface area than other variations, this is also by the higher CO₂ adsorption capacity. So it is concluded that the pore surface area influences the ability to absorb CO₂. Based on the data obtained, jengkol peel charcoal is not suitable as a CO₂ adsorbent because it has a low pore surface area and adsorption isotherm

Perancangan Mesin Press Kaleng Minuman Menggunakan Tenaga Motor Listrik

Sir Anderson — 2023-12-01

Aluminum can waste is becoming more prevalent. There is no trash processing system, and the public does not value recycling. Used-goods collectors may damage themselves by crushing cans with a hammer to reduce volume. To improve the recycling process of aluminum beverage cans, an electric-powered press machine will be designed. The design of this press machine is intended to assist users in the waste treatment process in minimizing space, especially in the trash can storage space, and to make it easier for collectors of recyclables. This equipment is used to compress objects with a driving force. The press machine developed can reduce the volume or dimensions to increase the capacity of transmitting cans, which will subsequently be melted again. Previous research has been based on pneumatic motors and manufacturing techniques that demand a large amount of space and are therefore impractical. Meanwhile, despite having the same power of 1/2 HP, the smaller rotation speed of 272.5 RPM results in a reduced pressing force of 59.17 kgf. The motor was designed to have a power output of 1/2 horsepower and a rotational speed of 1400 revolutions per minute. The transmission system uses a 76.2-millimeter diameter pulley along with a belt that has a type 50 speed reducer ratio of 1:60. A cam, coupled with the speed reducer, moves the pressing cylinder translationally. This enables the pressing cylinder to press up to 1,380 cans per hour. The force required to press the can is 951.57 N.

Modeling Mechanical Component Classification Using Support Vector Machine with A Radial Basis Function Kernel

Ruzita sumiati — 2023-12-06

The process of identification and classification of products in the era of modern manufacturing industries has become a crucial pillar in enhancing efficiency, productivity, and product quality. In this research, the modeling of manufacturing product classification, such as mechanical components consisting of four classes: bolts, washer, nuts, and locating pin, was conducted. The proposed model in this study is the Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Radial Basis Function (RBF). The dataset used consists of digital images of mechanical components, with each component having 400 samples, resulting in a total of 1600 samples. The dataset is divided into training and testing data, with 300 samples for each component in the training set, and 100 samples removed from the training set for external testing as model validation. The best model parameters were determined using grid search by varying the parameter values of C and γ (gamma). The model was evaluated using K=3 fold cross-validation, and external testing utilized a confusion matrix to calculate Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score values. The research results indicate that the SVM model with the RBF kernel, using the combination of C=10 and γ=scale, achieves the best performance in classifying the four mechanical components. This is evident from the training results of the model, which were able to obtain evaluation metrics such as Accuracy of 94.17%, Precision of 0.94, Recall of 0.94, and F1-Score of 0.94. Meanwhile, the validation results with new data not present in the training dataset show that the model can achieve evaluation metrics with an Accuracy of 93%, Precision of 0.93, Recall of 0.93, and F1-Score of 0.93. These results are consistent with the training performance, indicating that the SVM model with the RBF kernel excels in classifying digital images of mechanical components, such as bolts, nuts, washer, and locating pin.

Pengembangan Sistem Pendingin Cold Box Penyimpanan Ikan Dengan Pemanfaatan Pcm

Silviana Simbolon — 2023-12-07

One of the technologies in the refrigeration system to improve power and cost efficiency is to utilize technology to overcome this problem is to use phase change materials (PCM) to replace standard refrigerants. The purpose of this study is an attempt to reduce the operational cost of fish storage with a cold box cooling system for fish storage by utilizing PCM. The method used in this research is the experimental method. From the results of the study obtained data using a variation of 2 PCM compressor takes 219.7 minutes when mode ON for 7 hours of testing, variation 4 PCM compressor takes 202.7 minutes when mode ON for 7 hours of testing, variation 6 PCM takes 177.4 minutes when mode ON for 7 hours of testing. With this variation 6 PCMs are more optimal in helping to reduce compressor working time. The more the number of PCMs placed in the cold box can help reduce the compressor on/off cycle and the electrical energy required by the compressor is more efficient, the most efficient variation is the 6 PCM variation with a power efficiency of 15.31%. With the use of PCM can save operational costs up to 59.54% compared to using ice blocks. The design of cold boxes using PCM will benefit after 3 months of use compared to using block ice.

Perancangan Mesin Penetas Telur Unggas Otomatis Menggunakan Acci (Automatic Computer Control Incubator) Kapasitas 360 Butir

Haris Haris — 2023-12-07

Proses penetasan telur unggas merupakan salah satu proses penting dalam budidaya peternakan unggas. Proses ini harus dilakukan dengan cermat dan teliti agar hasil penetasan dapat memuaskan. Namun, proses penetasan telur secara manual membutuhkan waktu dan tenaga yang cukup banyak dan terkadang belum efisien, sehingga dibuat rancangan alat penetas telur unggas otomatis kapasitas 360 butir. Alat ini menggunakan sistem pengontrolan yang dinamakan automatic computer control incubator. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang mesin penetas telur unggas otomatis yang digunakan untuk mempermudah dalam pengontrolan gerakan rak telur, suhu dan kelembaban udara. Proses perancangan dimulai dari survei lapangan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan alat yang akan dirancang dan kemudian dibuatlah desain dari mesin penetas telur unggas otomatis. Mesin ini berukuran 100 x 167 x 50 cm yang terdiri dari 6 (enam) buah rak untuk meletakkan telur unggas. Pada bagian atas mesin diletakkan kontroller inkubator untuk mengontrol secara otomatis pergerakan rak, suhu, dan kelembaban mesin

Pengaruh Perbedaan Ukuran Intake Kontraksi Terhadap Laju Aliran Di Ruang Uji

Wempi Geovano Iribaram — 2023-12-14

The contraction cone or intake is a very important part of wind tunnel design because it has a high impact on the quality of airflow in the test section. The design of the contraction cone aims to create the air pressure required at the time of entry of the test section without experiencing much turbulence. This research was conducted using an experimental method, where in this study it was carried out by testing, making 3 intake components or funnels of different sizes. The calculation results obtained funnel 1 contraction with a value of 11,466 m³ / s, funnel 2 contraction with a value of 12,266 m³ / s, and funnel 3 contraction with a value of 12,533 m³ / s. These results show that the size of the contraction affects the wind flow rate inside the test chamber. Where changes in the size of contractions will increase the wind flow rate, which is caused by the increasing size of the contraction cross-sectional area so that the shelter area or wind flow area that will move towards the test room increases in size or area

Optimasi Pemanfaatan LPG Sebagai Bahan Bakar Genset Untuk Mendukung Program Penghematan Energi

yovan witanto — 2023-12-14

The use of LPG as a generator fuel needs to be optimized. For this reason, the correct LPG gas flow rate needs to be studied so that it becomes economical. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of fuel flow rate variation and Choke Valve variation on the performance of a 4-stroke generator. Gas enters the carburetor with varying gas flow rates of 3 L/minute, 4 L/minute, 5 L/minute and 6 L/minute. Then the generator is set to run stably on fully open, half and closed Choke Valve variations. From these variations, a combination is then sought to produce the smallest LPG flow rate with optimum power. The generator can operate well at flow rates of 4 L/min and 5 L/min with the Choke Valve variation position fully open. This shows that the ratio of LPG and air reaches the ideal condition so that the combustion process is complete. Optimization of LPG consumption in the generator is set at a flow rate of 4 L/minute with the Choke Valve fully open. Thus the excessive use of LPG can be saved.

Rancang Bangun Konstruksi Mesin Pencacah Plastik Multifungsi Kapasitas 50 Kg/Jam

Elvis Adril — 2023-12-15

The use of plastic in human life is increasing. In an effort to utilize plastic waste as a recycled material, it is necessary to create a tool or machine that can be operated as a tool for chopping plastic. The main components of a plastic chopping machine are the electric motor, pulleys and belts, blades and shafts, pins, bearings, hoppers and frames. The working principle of the plastic chopping machine is that the electric motor shaft rotates then transmits power to the chopping knife shaft with the help of pulleys and v-belts to chop the plastic that enters from the hopper. The plastic chopping machine uses power from a 1.5 HP electric motor with a motor speed of 1450 rpm and a shaft rotation speed of 580 rpm. The angle iron used for construction planning is SS4400 steel angle iron with a yield strength of 245 N/mm2, a safety factor of 5, and the bending stress is smaller than the allowable stress so that it is safe to use as a frame construction for plastic chopping machines.

Turbin Crossflow untuk PLTMH di Sungai Karuah, Kelurahan Lambung Bukit, Kec Pauh, Padang

Nota Effiandi — 2023-12-15

Utilization of electrical energy has been applied in almost all fields of life. One of them is the use of electricity to repel plantation pests. In the hills of Batu Busuk, around the Padang Karuah River, Kel Lambung Bukit, Kec. Pauh, Padang is one of the communities that has implemented the application. The people who are gardening there have worked together in making a Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH) type waterwheel with a power of 1 kW with the current condition has been damaged and can not be used anymore. Seeing the potential of water owned according to the results of the field survey with a flowrate of 100 L / s and a head of 5 m, the use of crossflow turbines is one type of turbine that is suitable for replacing a windmill that has been damaged with a power generated of 3.7 kW. The crossflow turbine has an outer diameter of runner (D1) 0.3 m, runner width (L) 0.2 m and the number of blades (z) 28 pieces. With the use of the crossflow turbine, the potential of water will be maximally utilized.

Perancangan dan Analisis Daya Turbin Air Piko Hidro untuk Aliran Arus Rendah

Nia Nuraeni Suryaman — 2023-12-19

Over time, the consumption of electrical energy needed in Indonesia is getting bigger. Various efforts continue to be made either by seeking new energy potential or by developing existing technologies. Apart from the increasing need for electrical energy, efforts are made to supply the needs of electrical energy by utilizing the potential and conditions that exist in certain areas. Water energy has been widely utilized and used for power generation. The potential of water as an energy source can be used as a provider of electrical power. One of the uses of water energy is to make hydroelectric power plants. The purpose of this study is to design a portable water turbine design and find out the results of the calculation of the analysis of electrical power produced. The research method used is the analysis of water turbine design using the SolidWorks application to be able to find out the shape of the turbine that has simple, portable properties and can be carried anywhere. The size that meets the desired criteria is 10 cm for diameter and 4 cm for height. After designing the turbine design, then the calculation and analysis of the power released by the water turbine is carried out. The data needed to perform the calculation are water discharge 1.48×10^-5 m³/s, head 6×10^-2 m, water density 1000 kg/m³, gravity acceleration 9.81 m/s², turbine efficiency 12.6%. Using the turbine power formula, the turbine power with a water discharge value of 1.48×10^-5 m3/s is 11 Watts. Then the 2nd calculation was carried out with the value of the water discharge used of 9.6×10^-5 m³/s and turbine efficiency of 24.9%. After calculation, the turbine power value of 14 Watts was obtained.

Rancang Bangun Alat Pengering Tenaga Surya (Solar Dryer) Portabel Berbentuk Prisma Segitiga

Iklas Sanubary — 2023-12-19

This research aims to design a solar dryer to increase drying room temperature. The drying room is designed in the shape of a triangular prism. The dried test material is Arabica coffee. The method used in this research is experimental by comparing the drying results in a solar dryer (inside) and traditional method (outside). Data collection was carried out for 3 days, starting at 09.00 WIB to 15.00 WIB with intervals every 1 hour. The data measured are the temperature inside and outside the solar dryer and the mass of the test material before and after drying. The results showed that the difference in the average temperature measured inside and outside the solar dryer on day 1 was 11.1 ^oC, on day 2 it was 11.6 ^oC and on day 3 it was 8.3 ^oC. The total mass reduction of the test material during 3 days of drying inside the solar dryer was 180.91 gram and outside the solar dryer was 164.03 gram. The average drying rate inside the solar dryer was 10 gram/hour while outside the solar dryer was 9.1 gram/hour. Based on these result, solar dryer can produce higher temperatures, greater mass reduction and higher drying rates than traditional methods