Jurnal Teknik Mesin

Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Tempering Terhadap Hasil Pengelasan Elektroda SMAW E6013 Pada Baja SS400

Leo Van Gunawan — 2024-06-28

E6013 merupakan elektroda pengelasan Shield Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) yang sering digunakan dalam industri konstruksi bangunan maupun galangan kapal. Selain harganya yang murah, elektroda ini juga dapat digunakan pada segala macam posisi pengelasan serta dapat digunakan pada mesin Las AC / DC. SS400 merupakan jenis baja karbon rendah yang paling banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan konstruksi bangunan maupun kapal. Baja SS400 dituntut memiliki sifat mekanik logam yang mampu menahan tegangan pada konstruksi bangunan maupun kapal, sehingga diperlukan proses tempering pada material pengelasan untuk menghilangkan tegangan sisa dan meningkatkan keuletan material. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi suhu tempering terhadap pengelasan baja SS400. Posisi pengelasan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1G dengan kampuh single V-Groove. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah experimen. Spesimen dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok experimen. Kelompok kontrol berisi spesimen hasil pengelasan yang tidak diberikan perlakuan tempering. Kelompok experimen berisi spesimen hasil pengelasan yang diberikan variasi suhu tempering. Hasil pengujian tarik material menunjukan peningkatan tertinggi akibat pengaruh suhu tempering sebesar 541,195 MPa pada suhu 200°C. Penurunan tertinggi kekerasan material pada suhu 350°C sebesar 165,69 HV. Tumbuhnya butiran ferrit pada struktur mikro material juga mengindikasikan semakin uletnya material hasil pengelasan setelah dilakukan proses tempering. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif cara untuk meningkatkan keuletan material hasil pengelasan khususnya pada baja SS400.

Pengaruh Penambahan Butanol Pada Bahan Bakar Solar Terhadap Karakteristik Pembakaran Single Droplet

Brahmantyo Luqman Sayoko — 2024-06-28

Dependence on fossil fuels is one of the most serious threats to the global environment. In addition, petroleum reserves are also decreasing. Meanwhile, the level of oil consumption is always increasing to meet the demand for fuel. Economical and sustainable alternative energy solutions are essential to meet the growing global energy demand without compromising environmental sustainability. One type of alternative fuel that shows very promising potential is biofuel, especially biodiesel. Biodiesel has potential as a more environmentally friendly alternative to diesel fuel, but its low combustion rate and higher viscosity compared to conventional diesel fuel present technical challenges that need to be overcome. The different chemical properties of butanol from biodiesel allow it to have a positive impact on combustion characteristics, such as viscosity, flash point, heating value, and combustion rate. The combustion characteristics that will be studied in this research using single droplet combustion testing include droplet visualization to measure the dimensions of the flame, temperature during the combustion process recorded by a thermocouple, data logger, and video recording during the combustion process to obtain information regarding the ignition delay value. The test steps were repeated five times for each fuel variation and then averaged. In this study, the samples tested included pure diesel, diesel blend with 10% butanol, diesel blend with 20% butanol, diesel blend with 30% butanol, diesel blend with 40% butanol and diesel blend with 50% butanol. From this study, the visualization of the flame is obtained, where the combustion of pure diesel oil droplets has a higher and wider flame, while the flame of the butanol diesel mixture produces a flame whose maximum height is lower than pure diesel oil. The ignition delay time of pure diesel oil is greater than the ignition delay time of the diesel butanol blend. In addition, the maximum combustion temperature produced by each blend is different

Analisa Tegangan Maksimum Pada Desain Struktur Mesin Pengering Bekatul dengan Tebal 0.7 mm dan Variasi Material Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga

Hendra Hendra — 2024-06-28

Rice bran is one of the parts produced from rice milling, this part contains more than 20% dietary fiber. Rice bran has many useful substances, but its use is hampered by bran itself because it is easily damaged due to hydrolytic and oxidative activity. To overcome this problem, another method is needed so that the Bekatul can last longer. A drying machine is a machine used to reduce the air content in a substance. The aim of this research is to design the structure of a rice bran drying machine with various types of selected materials to obtain stress and cooling values. The method used in this research is finite element simulation. The materials varied in this research were AISI 304, Aluminum alloy 6061 and Galvalume Steel with thickness 0.7 mm. From the test results, it can be stated that all materials are safe to be used as the main material for making structure. However, there is one best material that produces the best maximum stress values and the smallest displacement, namely Galvalume Steel

FMEA Approach in Risk Analysis of Main Engine Fuel System Maintenance: Case Study on The Express Bahari 1F

I Made Aditya Nugraha — 2024-06-28

The fuel system is one of the main engine support systems which is very important in the operation of the Express Bahari 1F main engine. Operation of the main engine requires special treatment of the components of the main engine to prevent failure during operation. The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method is a method that can be used to identify the priority scale in maintaining a machine by evaluating the risk of failure occurring on the machine. This research uses FMEA analysis to determine the priority scale for maintenance of the Express Bahari 1F main engine fuel system. The identification results show that the injector, fuel filter and separator components are components that must be prioritized for maintenance. This type of maintenance is carried out by checking for dirty fuel which can cause the injector to operate less than optimally, cleaning deposits on the fuel filter cartridge on the fuel filter, and replacing a new separator if the separator performs poorly. It is recommended that other components be checked so that the main engine fuel system has good reliability.

Studi Perpindahan Panas pada Proses Pembakaran Briket Berbahan Dasar Pakis Hutan

Jusuf Haurissa — 2024-06-28

There is an ongoing effort to develop and improve the quality of briquettes, which could become an alternative fuel source. This can be achieved by exploring the utilization of raw materials like kerosene. The goal of this study is to analyze the convection and conduction processes occurring in the combustion of tree ferns. It is conducted to explore the use of tree ferns as a raw material for the production of briquettes. The prototype briquette made using tree ferns is characterized by a honeycomb design with 14 holes and a diameter of 20 cm. It is made using a mixture of 20% adhesive and 80% tree fern charcoal. The various factors that influence the combustion process include the initial temperature, the pot wall temperature, the environmental temperature, and the moisture content of the briquette. Different instruments such as anemometer, an infrared thermometer, a stopwatch, and a moisture meter are also used in the study. The study revealed that the tree fern briquette made from 14 holes exhibited a convection heat transfer power of 4302.444watts and a conduction heat transfer power of 5106.5watts. The efficiency of the two processes allowed the briquettes to burn for about 2 hours and 30 minutes, and they could sustain a moisture content of 12%. The study indicates that tree ferns can serve as an energy source alternative to kerosene. This presents a sustainable and eco-friendly way of meeting energy demands

Pengaruh Cairan Pendingin Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Bending Pengelasan SMAW Baja SS400

Moch. Arif Wibowo — 2024-06-29

The welding process is widely used for joining in machine construction and steel construction. One popular welding method today is SMAW. SMAW welding is effective and practical because it only requires simple tools and electrodes in its use. According to research before, the higher the viscosity value of the coolant used, the higher the tensile strength produced by using various coolants such as aloe vera gel, banana stem extract, and water. Therefore, this research aims to use readily available coolants, especially in the production workshop environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of different welding currents on the cooling liquid on the welding results of SS400 steel material. In this research, the creation and testing of specimens were conducted in several places. The creation of specimens was carried out at the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory of Muhammadiyah University of Jember, the welding process of the specimens was conducted at the Job Training Center (BLK) Situbondo, and the tensile and bending tests were conducted at the Material Testing Laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Malang State Polytechnic. This study uses SMAW welding with an E6013 Ø2.6mm electrode and SS400 steel material. After welding, the specimens were immersed in cooling liquids, namely 10% dromus, radiator coolant, and SAE 40 oil. The results of the research on the SMAW welding process for SS400 steel showed that immersion using SAE 40 oil produced the highest tensile strength at both 80A and 90A currents, which were 28.79 kg/mm² and 28.22 kg/mm², respectively. Meanwhile, the bending test results showed two different outcomes: at 80A current, immersion welding using radiator coolant produced the highest bending strength at 1067.77 kgf/mm², whereas at 90A current, immersion welding using dromus produced the highest bending strength at 1130.22 kgf/mm².

Studi Kasus Pengembangan Energi Surya Sebagai Stimulus Ekonomi Hijau 2045

omsar rudyanto nadeak — 2024-06-29

To face the planetary crisis, Indonesia has prioritized sustainable development through the use of green economy practices to reduce future carbon emissions. Solar energy as one of the renewable energy sources has greater value than others, but its utilisation is still small. Consideration of this condition is discussed with the aim of evaluating the progress of the green economy; finding problems; providing solutions and suggestions for Indonesia's future development. The research method uses a systematic quantitative descriptive approach based on data collected through observations, interviews and questionnaire surveys from resource persons by providing 3 leverage factors namely; funding, regulation and institutions. The study results show that the regression coefficient of the funding factor variable (X1) is 0.365 and positive, then the funding factor variable (X1) has the largest coefficient compared to the coefficient of the regulatory factor (X2) and the institutional factor (X3), so that the funding factor is the most dominant factor in measuring the performance of solar energy success towards the implementation of the green economy. Without serious support from the government in terms of funding readiness, development goals will not be achieved, due to the large amount of funds needed to support the development of the Green Economy. However, the three variables are mutually sustainable by making policies and legal foundations to fulfil the funding needs of the green economy, regulations will be the foundation in mainstreaming the implementation and funding of green economy policies. Green economy planning, governance and supervision are supported by mature institutions and funds

Rancang Bangun Mesin Pemotong Stik Kentang dengan Penggerak Motor

Sir Anderson — 2024-06-29

Potatoes are one of Indonesia's horticulture products and are among the top five global staple foods. Indonesian MSMEs still use manual manufacturing technologies to produce potato sticks. Due to limited production capacity and short production times, this business faces significant challenges. After identifying the issues, an idea emerged to create a motor-driven tool capable of cutting potato sticks. The manufacturing of potato stick-cutting tools is expected to enhance business efficiency. This potato stick-cutting machine has a capacity of 336 kg/hour, a potato shear stress of 0.006 N/mm², a working cutting force of 132 N, and a motor power of 33.84 watts.

Sistem Kontrol Pneumatik pada Inlet Guide Vane Turbin Air Mikro Hidro

Ainun Nidhar — 2024-06-29

Indonesia has 377 MW of micro-hydro potential as an energy source for electric power generation, with the main component being water turbines. Important parameters controlled in electricity generation are generally the rotation and frequency of the turbine-generator which are regulated automatically in this case through a guide vane. This research explores the potential use of pneumatic control with an Arduino microcontroller as an alternative in regulating the Inlet Guide Valve (IGV) opening in a low-power Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHP). Hydraulic systems that are generally used in large power water turbines have constraints on maintenance costs and high processing time. By utilizing pneumatic control, this research uses Arduino to control the guide vane movement through a pneumatic cylinder. Tests were conducted with separate programs to read the turbine rotation, activate the solenoid valve, and adjust the power on the guide vane simulator. The test results show that the system successfully controls the rotation of the water turbine effectively. The conclusion of this research is that there is an inversely proportional relationship between the opening of the guide vane and the rotation of the water turbine, as well as successful control through a pneumatic system with Arduino. This research contributes to the development of low-power MHP technology with more efficient maintenance costs.

Rancang Bangun Mesin Pengupas Kulit Ari Buah Kelapa Menggunakan Metode Verein Deutshcer Ingenieure (VDI) 2222 di PT PECU

Sri Suci Yuniar — 2024-06-29

Coconut is a plant that has many benefits and can be utilized as a whole starting from the stem, meat, coir, shell, water, and coconut cuticle. PT Pacific Eastern Coconut Utama (PECU) is the largest coconut processing company in Java Island with its main products, namely liquid (Coco Day and Liquid Coconut Milk) and non-liquid (Desiccated Coconut and Coconut Powder). Before coconuts become final products, namely non-liquid products (Desiccated Coconut and Coconut Powder), these coconuts will go through the process of stripping the coconut cuticle. In this process, PT PECU still uses manual tools which require more time and effort and not all operators have the same abilities. Therefore, companies need to design appropriate tools using the Verein Deutscher Ingenieure 2222 (VDI 2222) method. This method is used to develop and design products, systems or tools by considering various aspects, such as user needs, security and efficiency.The results of this design can help companies to increase company productivity, do not endanger the operator, and the machine can be operated easily.

Rancang Bangun Mesin Pencetak dan Pemotong Briket dengan Sistem Elektro Pneumatik untuk UMKM

Elvis Adril — 2024-06-30

Briquettes are an alternative fuel based on biomass waste which is available in very abundant quantities, one of which is coconut shell waste. The briquette processing process is generally still done manually. Therefore, a machine with automatic control using an electro-pneumatic system was built with the aim of avoiding product failure due to human error and this machine will be useful for UMKM. The working principle of this machine is to use a screw press for printing and electro-pneumatics for the cutting step. From the results of the design for this briquette printing and cutting machine, the briquettes produced have a diameter of 52 mm. This briquette printing and cutting machine uses a motor power of 0.75 HP and a rotation of 3500 rpm. The printer screw rotation speed is 28 rpm which is produced by using 2 inch and 5 inch pulleys and using a WPA 40 reducer gearbox with a ratio of 1:50. Meanwhile, for cutting using a sensor to detect the length of the briquette, it will then be cut by a plate connected directly to the pneumatic cylinder

Analisa Kapasitas Mesin Pencacah Multi Mixer Pakan Ayam KUB

Muchlisinalahuddin Muchlis nalahuddin — 2024-06-30

In this study, the capacity analysis of the multi mixer chopper machine was carried out with the parameters applied such as: rpm, time and input and output of the machine in terms of the weight of the input material and the output of the feed produced in order to calculate the performance and capacity of the KUB chicken feed multi mixer chopper. (Balitbangtan superior native chicken). In the process of analyzing the capacity of the multi mixer chopping machine for kub chicken feed, the preparations made include preparing tools and materials for testing, testing, data collection, analysis and proceed with drawing conclusions. In data collection, enumeration and mixing tests will be carried out, where the samples of the test materials used are vegetable waste, bran and water. The largest chopped output at the initial input with a weight of 1 kg is obtained from the engine speed of 2895 rpm with a chopped weight of 0.95 kg. A suitable ratio for the feed mix is 1 kg of vegetable waste, 1 kg of bran and 2 kg of water. So the capacity of the multi-mixer chopping machine is known to be 239.521 kg/hour with a material ratio of 1 kg of chopped vegetable waste, 1 kg of bran and 2 kg of water.

Rancang Bangun Alat Ukur Torsi dan Putaran Untuk Pengujian Turbin Savonius Pada Wind Tunnel Berbasis mikrokontroler

Ruzita sumiati — 2024-06-30

The objective of this research is to design and develop a torque measurement device using a braking system and a rotational speed measurement tool for a Savonius turbine shaft, applied in a wind tunnel, with data acquisition controlled by an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The methodology employed in this research is the design and build method. The testing results indicate that the torque measurement device controlled by the Arduino Uno functions effectively. Comparing the results of braking force measurements using manual methods and data acquisition revealed a 2, 231 % error. Additionally, the rotational speed measurements using a tachometer and those using an encoder controlled by the Arduino Uno showed a small error of 0,59 %. Data were continuously monitored on a laptop screen during testing. Thus, this device can be utilized as an auxiliary measurement tool to assess the performance of a Savonius turbine

Analisis Optimasi Cetakan Briket Sistem Hidrolis Menggunakan Pendekatan Finite Element Method

Elisa Sulistyorini — 2024-06-30

The briquette mold is a critical component in the manufacturing process of the hydraulic briquette molding machine. Improved mold design can increase production efficiency and quality. The finite element method simulates the structural response of the briquette mold to hydraulic pressure. An accurate mathematical model is built based on material parameters, mold dimensions, and hydraulic load characteristics. The influence of mold design variables such as geometry, materials, and internal configuration can be evaluated in detail by applying FEM. Mold optimization uses a numerical optimization algorithm to find a combination of mold parameters that provides the best structural response. The main goal of mold optimization is to increase mold durability, reduce deformation, and minimize the potential for structural failure. The optimization process is integrated with FEM analysis to achieve the optimal mold solution. Improved mold design resulting from this optimization makes a positive contribution to the efficiency of hydraulic briquette production and reduces the potential for mold damage. The results of this research by optimizing the design of the length of the rod, length of the mold, height of the central protrusion of the press, and changing the diameter of the mold, we obtained simulation results that show an even distribution of loads shown in the same color. In this study, the total deformation value was 5.0298 x ^10-6 mm and the equivalent elastic strain was 3.4972 x 10^-10 mm

Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Jarak Tempuh Dan Temperatur Udara Sekitar Terhadap Penurunan Nilai Viskositas Oli Mesin Pada Engine 125 CC

Amnur Akhyan — 2024-07-04

There are various types of motorbike oil, riders can choose oil according to their needs. This experiment aims to find out which oil is suitable for use by a 125 cc engine at different air temperatures according to the driver's needs. This experiment will analyze the reduction in oil viscosity values with brands of oil A, oil B and oil C. The mileage used is 20 km, 40 km and 60 km with air temperatures of 33-36°C and 28-30°C. The viscosity value was measured using a Brookfield viscometer. Based on the results of the tested data, the percentage reduction in viscosity value at an air temperature of 33-36°C with a distance of 60 km is Oil A 26%, Oil B 62%, and Oil C 19%, therefore Oil C is better used in areas with a temperature of 33-36°C because it does not experience a significant decrease in viscosity. The percentage reduction in viscosity value at an air temperature of 28-30°C with a distance of 60 km is oil A 11%, oil B 62%, and oil C 62%, so oil A is better used in areas with a temperature of 28-30°C.

Pengaruh Sputtering TiN Terhadap Kekerasan Permukaan dan Struktur Mikro Pada Material Stainless Steel 316L

Jemssy Ronald Rohi — 2024-07-23

Metal-based biomaterials are highly rust-resistant. A key property that metal-based biomaterials must possess is excellent biocompatibility with living cells. AISI 316L is widely used for implantation purposes in orthopedic surgery due to its good mechanical properties and low price, but AISI 316L lacks good biocompability with the body so that implant materials with AISI 316L material cannot be used for a long period of time. This research aims to study the effect of TiN sputtering process on AISI 316L stainless steel material and titanium target material as a coating on the surface. The sputtering process was carried out on the 316L surface a variation of sputtering time of 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes with a gas variation ratio of 20% N₂ and 30% N₂, using a voltage of 5 kV and the current used was 5-10 mA at a pressure of 0.079 mbar. The results of hardness testing on 316L material with TiN sputtering treatment can increase the hardness on the surface of the material. The surface hardness value of the effect 30% N₂ gas ratio and sputtering duration of 90, 120 and 150 minutes respectively is 305 kgf/mm²_, 310 kgf/mm² and 334 kgf/mm², this treatment has significant increase in hardness at 90, 120, and 150 minutes. Microstructure testing to measure the thickness of the electroplating layer results, showing that the thickness of the layer resulting from the sputtering process with a gas ratio of 30% N₂ and a TiN sputtering duration of 120 minutes shows there are vacancies on the surface inserted by hard TiN atoms.