The Analysis of Loosening of Bolt Connection Due to Structural Vibration Through Changes in Dynamic Characteristics

  • Rahmatsyah Maksum Ramsi Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Andalas
  • Meifal Rusli Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Andalas
  • Mulyadi Bur Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Andalas
Keywords: Bolt/nut assembly, Dynamic characteristic, EMA, Self-loosening

Abstract

Bolted joints are generally used to connect two or more mechanical structures due to their ease of assembly and disassembly for maintenance. However, the problem of vibration is one of the main challenges when the tightness of the bolted joints is insufficient, causing failures such as looseness and resulting in disconnection. Looseness is the most common cause of dynamically loaded bolted joint structure failure. This study tested a simple bolt joint structure to observe the looseness indication of the bolt joint after it was vibrated using a shaker in a single-frequency excitation. A freely fixed beam consisting of two beams connected by a bolt and subjected to varying bolt tightening torques. Then the response measurement is carried out by recording the FRF graph obtained from loosening and tightening bolt torque effects. Modal parameters such as personal frequency and damping ratio were collected through experimental modal analysis (EMA). It was found that the structure’s vibration could change the conditions of loosening or lower tightening torque indicated by shifting the structure’s natural frequency. In addition, the damping characteristics are also affected by changes in the tightening torque. Especially when conditions are loose, the damping ratio becomes much higher than that of tightening.

References

G. H. Junker, “New criteria for self-loosening of fasteners under vibration,” SAE Tech. Pap., pp. 314–335, 1969, doi: 10.4271/690055.

T. Sakai, “NII-Electronic Library Service,” Chem. Pharm. Bull., vol. 3, no. 1, 1978.

Yoshimi and M. Tsutsumi, “Determination of mathematical models for normal static stiffness of joints,” Chem. Pharm. Bull., no. 43, p. 2091, 2002.

J. X. Yuan and X. M. Wu, “Identification of the Joint Structural Parameters of Machine Tool by DOS and FEM,” J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. Trans. ASME, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 64–69, 1985, doi: 10.1115/1.3185967.

C. Dekoninck, “Deformation properties of metallic contact surfaces of joints under the influence of dynamic tangential loads,” Int. J. Mach. Tool Des. Res., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 193–199, 1972, doi: 10.1016/0020-7357(72)90020-0.

M. Burdekin, N. Back, and A. Cowley, “Analysis of the Local Deformations in Machine Joints.,” J Mech Eng Sci, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 25–32, 1979, doi: 10.1243/JMES_JOUR_1979_021_006_02.

B. Kenny and E. A. Patterson, “Stress Analysis Of Some Nut-Bolt Connections With Modifications To The Nut Thread Form,” J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 35–40, 1985, doi: 10.1243/03093247V201035.

R. C. J. Dr. G. Ed Ramey, “Experimental Analysis of Thread Movement in Bolted Connections Due to Vibrations,” Spec. Proj. Div. Marshall Sp. Flight Center, NASA, 1995.

N. G. Pai and D. P. Hess, “Influence of fastener placement on vibration-induced loosening,” J. Sound Vib., vol. 268, no. 3, pp. 617–626, 2003, doi:10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00369-9.

R. A. Ibrahim and C. L. Pettit, “Uncertainties and dynamic problems of bolted joints and other fasteners,” J. Sound Vib., vol. 279, no. 3–5, pp. 857–936, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2003.11.064.

M. Rusli, C. Mardianto, and M. Bur, “Experimental analysis of bolt loosening dynamics characteristic in a beam by impact testing,” ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 175–180, 2018.

F. Wang and G. Song, “Bolt early looseness monitoring using modified vibro-acoustic modulation by time-reversal,” Mech. Syst. Signal Process., vol. 130, pp. 349–360, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.04.036.

T. C. Huynh, J. H. Park, H. J. Jung, and J. T. Kim, “Quasi-Autonomous Bolt-Loosening Detection Method Using Vision-Based Deep Learning And Image Processing,” Autom. Constr., vol. 105, no. February, p. 102844, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2019.102844.

Bur, M. 2012. Dasar-dasar Getaran Mekanik. CV.Ferila: Padang.

Published
2023-06-01
How to Cite
Ramsi, R., Rusli, M., & Bur, M. (2023). The Analysis of Loosening of Bolt Connection Due to Structural Vibration Through Changes in Dynamic Characteristics. Jurnal Teknik Mesin, 16(1), 56 - 62. https://doi.org/10.30630/jtm.16.1.1091